Rhesus Disease

By Nethra Vijayanand

Rhesus disease, also known as hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), is a condition that affects some newborn babies. It occurs when a mother and her baby have incompatible blood types, and the mother's immune system produces antibodies that attack the baby's red blood cells.The most common cause of Rhesus disease is when a mother is Rh-negative, and her baby is Rh-positive. During pregnancy, the baby's blood can mix with the mother's blood, causing the mother's immune system to produce antibodies that attack the baby's red blood cells. This can cause anemia, jaundice, and in severe cases, brain damage or even death.

Symptoms of Rhesus disease can vary from mild to severe, depending on the amount of damage caused to the baby's red blood cells. Mild cases may not have any noticeable symptoms, while more severe cases can cause the baby to appear jaundiced, lethargic, and have trouble feeding. In severe cases, the baby may need a blood transfusion or other medical interventions to survive.

Fortunately, Rhesus disease can be prevented with a simple injection of Rh immunoglobulin, which is usually given to Rh-negative mothers at around 28 weeks of pregnancy and within 72 hours after delivery. This injection helps to prevent the mother's immune system from producing the antibodies that can harm the baby.

If Rhesus disease is suspected, the baby will need to be monitored carefully for signs of anemia, jaundice, or other complications. Treatment may include blood transfusions or phototherapy, which involves exposing the baby's skin to a special light that helps to break down bilirubin (a substance that causes jaundice).

In conclusion, Rhesus disease is a serious condition that can affect newborn babies when the mother and baby have incompatible blood types. However, with proper screening and treatment, Rhesus disease can be prevented and managed effectively. If you are pregnant and have concerns about Rhesus disease, talk to your healthcare provider about getting screened and taking appropriate measures to protect your baby's health.